Inclusion Equal Opportunities And Diversity Education Essay Essay

In 21st century study halls, there are an ever increasing number of kids originating from considerably more different foundations. Educators need to show these youngsters with viable encouraging techniques and should in this way have instructive methodologies that extend their social comprehension. A significant number of these youngsters have a scope of capacity in language, capacities and culture. Place for Studies on Inclusive Education (CSIE) expressed that instructors must utilize hypothetically sounds as well as socially responsive instructional method. Instructors must make a study hall culture where all kids, paying little heed to their social or semantic foundations are invited and bolstered and gave the best learning chance. What is consideration? Comprehensive training is concerning fairness and human rights. Consideration is in excess of an understanding and an arrangement necessity. It is regarding the matter of regard and qualities which invites decent variety in the study hall and a more extensive piece of society. The consideration articulation n the National Curriculum (DfEE/QCA 1999) expressed that separation from a wide assortment of requirements and the arranging of exercises to guarantee access and investment was a piece of typical instructing. This point was additionally accentuated by Overall and Sangster (2007) saying that it is tied in with meeting the various needs of however many youngsters as could be expected under the circumstances in standard tutoring. What are equivalent chances? Equivalent open doors are tied in with being comprehensive and reasonable in the manner in which you manage all kids. Rewarding all kids the equivalent isn't sufficient. Generally speaking and Sangster (2007) characterize reasonable for be the point at which the educator addresses the issues of each youngster as far as possible. What is assorted variety? Decent variety is something that is turning out to be increasingly more well known in the study hall. In straightforward terms, decent variety just implies that are is a wide range of kinds of youngsters in the homeroom. In addition to the fact that it is an expert standard to build up a comprehension of the social assorted variety in their group yet it is additionally a lawful prerequisite (Children Act, 1989, 2004), however are these legitimate necessities being met? Are these clear in schools? Figures from the Department for Children, Schools and Families show that last year saw the greatest year-on-year increment in students from ethnic minorities. The nation over, they represented practically 22% in 2007 contrasted with 20. 6% in 2006. From these figures it is obvious to see that incorporation, equivalent chances and decent variety are a piece of the ‘norm’ study hall and should be along these lines tended to fittingly. I will presently talk about what it implies for a school to be comprehensive and if a school is ‘effective’ does it imply that it must be comprehensive also? I will likewise take a gander at boundaries to learning and how they are survived. School Inclusion It is significant for schools to be comprehensive. Hayes (2004) accepts that incorporation is best comprehended as a point, goal or even a way of thinking, as opposed to as a lot of methods that can be applied to a circumstance. It is significant for a school to expect to be comprehensive to everybody in the school, regardless of whether this is towards kids, educators or different individuals from staff. Consideration will in general be viewed as ‘the right thing to do’ and it is this ethical basic than regularly causes educators to feel liable about saying anything negative regarding comprehensive strategies and practices. Remember that an uplifting mentality to consideration affects the way toward creating comprehensive showing systems (Halliwell, 2003). As a student instructor, it is significant for me to comprehend that consideration is a procedure that is affected by various factors and has an alternate importance for everybody included. For a fact, I have seen incorporation being done. This happened during get together when the entire school met up for their Friday ‘celebration assembly’. During this get together, birthday events were reported and the youngsters went to the front. All instructors and youngsters participate with singing glad birthday while as a similar time marking it. This was a dazzling encounter to watch. The school in general were including everybody. In spite of the fact that there are a wide range of pointers of incorporation to consider, for example, strategies, practices and encounters of people learning, it is additionally my plan to do these. Such arrangements incorporate Inclusive Schooling (DfES 2001b). This report gives viable exhortation to schools and LEA’s on the incorporation system and sets out seven standards of a comprehensive training administration. The Every Child Matters Policy (DfES 2003, 2004a, 2004b) has as indicated by Arthur, Grainger and Wray (2006) ‘served to set instructive incorporation inside the more extensive setting of radical change in the entire arrangement of children’s administrations including unequivocally moving from mediation to avoidance with administrations cooperating more effectively’. The general point of Every Child Matters is to lessen the quantity of kids who experience instructive disappointment, participate in culpable or introverted conduct, experience the ill effects of sick wellbeing or become adolescent guardians (DfES 2003). The Every Child Matters points are supposed to be at the core of Children Act 2004 (Arthur, Grainger and Wray 2006). At long last, as per Overall and Sangster (2007) the possibility of a comprehensive school is one that will address the issues of numerous understudies in an assortment of ways; inside extraordinary classes, through help for people, separation in the educational program and deliberately considered instructing, is an energizing thought. This is something that I should create as a major aspect of my way of thinking of comprehensive instruction. Boundaries Incorporation is tied in with searching for methods of diminishing the obstructions to discovering that may exist for kids who present all the more testing conditions. Bias and generalizing are regularly huge in making and keeping up these obstructions (Overall and Sangster 2007). Inside The National Curriculum (DfEE/QCA 1999) three standards were decided to build up progressively comprehensive training. Inside these standards, the third is to ‘overcome possible boundaries to learning and evaluation for people and gathering of pupils’. These gatherings of students can extend from SEN to EAL to Gifted and Talented. Beating boundaries is additionally underlined in Inclusive Schooling (DfES 2001b) with one of the standards expressing ‘schools, neighborhood training specialists and others ought to effectively look to evacuate hindrances to learning and participation’. Beating likely obstructions to learning and appraisal is applicable to all kids who have just been distinguished to have a passionate, mental or physical need. Educators must arrangement to address these issues and furthermore the requirements of the remainder of the class simultaneously. One strategy for doing this is to match a student with EAL with an understudy who is acceptable at English. Friend support is an extraordinary method of empowering talk. I saw a model with a genuinely powerless youngster. This specific youngster was getting baffled and disturbed when they couldn’t do their occasions tables on the grounds that different understudies around the table were tallying so anyone might hear and hence meddling with this pupil’s line of reasoning. To determine this issue, the understudy was sent into a calmer room where there was full grouping of the subject. As a student educator, I have to design my exercises which defeat obstructions which I may look in conveying an exercise or plan of work. End Schools should all have a consideration, equivalent chances and decent variety strategy set up and one that is as a rule effectively did by all understudies and individuals from staff. It is significant that I am sure about the ideal for all kids to be esteemed and to get the best training accessible for them. This can benefit from outside intervention by executing and accepting direction from nearby instruction specialists or going to additional preparation days. From perusing I have figured out how to build up my own teaching method with respect to incorporation, equivalent chances and assorted variety. As a preparation proficient I have an extraordinary chance to add to building up my very own training and help with creating approaches with different associates. My point currently is to require all the necessities of the kids who I will show both on situation now and later on with my own class of kids.

Pathetic Fallacy in Romeo and Juliet in Act 3 Scene 1 Essay Example For Students

Terrible Fallacy in Romeo and Juliet in Act 3 Scene 1 Essay Romeo and Juliet is one of the most well known plays composed by Shakespeare, it is acclaimed for its extreme sentiment. It was written in the seventeenth century and by perusing the play it is very evident that individuals around then had totally different perspectives on life than right now. At the hour of Shakespeare, religion was a very genuine issue, things, for example, respect and the significance of family were incredibly esteemed and any that conflicted with or criticized these convictions were viewed as hoodlums. Thus Shakespeare concluded he would set the whole play in Italy to stay away from showdown from the individuals. The fundamental scene of the play will be investigated, Act 3 Scene 1, in this scene the temperament of the play changes from joy to bitterness and changes the entire play, making it a key scene in Romeo and Juliet. The methods utilized by Shakespeare, for example, despicable error, to make strain in this sensational piece of the play will likewise be br oke down. Prior to this scene there is now a specific level of pressure all through the play; the most evident one is before the start, the preamble, which recounts to the crowd that this story will end in disaster, accordingly at last demise. In Act 1 Scene 1 there is a battle between the two houses Capulet and Montague, in this scene there is a great deal of strain and scorn What, drawn and talk harmony? I detest the word, as I loathe heck, all Montagues, and thee. Have at thee defeatist. In this scene it additionally shows how effectively the two houses can begin a fight with no worry for the non military personnel lives. The fight is hindered by the Prince, who expresses that if there is any longer battling between the houses the house mindful will endure capital punishment; the strain made now is reviewed all through the entirety of the play. The play creates and turns out to be very confounding for the crowd, Romeo states he is out of affection and afterward on inside seconds begins to l ook all starry eyed at Juliet at the Capulets party, there is likewise a bottomless measure of strain when Romeo and his companions go to their most despised houses party without a greeting. After Romeo begins to look all starry eyed, Romeo finds that Juliet is a Capulet; even so he chooses to chance his life just to see Juliet later on in Act 2 Scene 2. The occasions portrayed in the past passage make a great deal of strain at an opportune time in the play. Toward the start of Act 3 Scene 1 the dread of Benvolio experiencing the Capulets out in the open is clear I ask thee great Mercutio lets resign, the day is hot, the Capulets are abroad. Also, on the off chance that we meet we will not scape a fight, for the time being these blistering days, is the frantic blood mixing this is an ideal case of an unfortunate paradox, this is a procedure utilized by Shakespeare to give lifeless things, for example, the climate, human feelings, this enables the crowd to see better the mind-set of the scene. For this situation Shakespeare utilizes the climate to speak to Benvolios dread. Benvolio utilizes the climate to attempt to persuade Mercutio to resign in light of the fact that he realizes that is they have an experience with the Capulets a battle will most likely follow. From the utilization of this strategy the crowd is given an understandin g of the dread and strain the characters are feeling at that specific second. Regardless of these admonitions Mercutio will not leave since he isn't terrified of an experience with the Capulets. Mercutio then reprimands his dread and calls attention to how Benvolio was constantly associated with the past battles between the houses, this specific piece of the scene makes a great deal of strain and Mercutios ability to remain expands it further. .u4bf99533203dbaaf5e824ab698cd3ae5 , .u4bf99533203dbaaf5e824ab698cd3ae5 .postImageUrl , .u4bf99533203dbaaf5e824ab698cd3ae5 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u4bf99533203dbaaf5e824ab698cd3ae5 , .u4bf99533203dbaaf5e824ab698cd3ae5:hover , .u4bf99533203dbaaf5e824ab698cd3ae5:visited , .u4bf99533203dbaaf5e824ab698cd3ae5:active { border:0!important; } .u4bf99533203dbaaf5e824ab698cd3ae5 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u4bf99533203dbaaf5e824ab698cd3ae5 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u4bf99533203dbaaf5e824ab698cd3ae5:active , .u4bf99533203dbaaf5e824ab698cd3ae5:hover { haziness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u4bf99533203dbaaf5e824ab698cd3ae5 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u4bf99533203dbaaf5e824ab698cd3ae5 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .u4bf99533203dbaaf5e824ab698cd3ae5 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u4bf99533203dbaaf5e824ab698cd3ae5 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4bf99533203dbaaf5e824ab698cd3ae5:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u4bf9953 3203dbaaf5e824ab698cd3ae5 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u4bf99533203dbaaf5e824ab698cd3ae5-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u4bf99533203dbaaf5e824ab698cd3ae5:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare EssayIt is likewise fascinating to take note of the setting picked by Shakespeare. Romeo and Juliet is set in Verona in Italy, at the time things, for example, love were not worthy in front of an audience. Shakespeare moved it to Italy to maintain a strategic distance from showdown and suspicion from the crowd and specialists. Many had never voyage and getting a brief look at what occurred outside of the nation was very fascinating, this factor gave significantly more consideration around then to this play. Toward the start of the scene just Benvolio and Mercutio are there, the strain is rising a direct result of Mercutios refusal to return home. When Tybalt and the Capulets show up there is a significant increment in strain in light of the fact that there will most likely be a battle, as they begin to contend and afterward in the end begin to battle there is a lot of pressure. At the point when Romeo enters the pressure begins to increment quickly as Tybalt approaches him in the wake of dismissing the battle with Mercutio. Tybalt begins to battle Romeo, which brings about the demise of Mercutio, as a result of this Romeo is goaded and murders Tybalt when he returns. Mercutio is a diverting and vigorous character and is in every case very glad to battle; this is presumably in light of the fact that he is of neither houses and in this manner has an extremely impartial impact in the play. He is additionally identified with the Prince and presumably accepts he won't get included between the battles of the two houses. Due to this conduct he frequently places different characters at serious risk, particularly in this scene when he won't leave to keep away from a battle. Mercutio wants to play with words and can without much of a stretch annoyance individuals with his jousting. Mercutios jousting and lack of regard for a battle is extremely hazardous in such a case that a battle emerged between the two houses no one would attempt to stop them, this circumstance makes further strain. Mercutio appears to appreciate the measure of strain expanding and is a piece of his character. The information on the significant chance of a battle beginning alone makes a great deal of pressure; something else that makes strain is the information that whichever house begins the battle will be rebuffed by capital punishment. The crowd realizes that the play will end in death and accordingly the pressure develops when the situation of a potential disaster is clear, this is called emotional incongruity. The language utilized by Shakespeare is the fundamental driver of pressure during this scene. Probably the best case of language utilized are the expressions utilized by Mercutio towards Tybalt thou workmanship a lowlife, Good lord of felines, by my mend I care not, A plague aboth your homes! Those are a portion of the numerous statements of language utilized by Shakespeare to make strain. When Mercutio and Tybalt experience each other a verbal battle breaks out, Shakespeare utilizes these two differentiating characters to make strain. While they affront each other the crowd realize this will grow into a battle and along these lines pressure is made. In spite of the fact that Shakespeares language is intricate it is evident that they are offending one another, and through the acceleration of strain the crowd comes to understand that the prediction that was said in the preface is going to turn out to be valid. Benvolo is significant character in the play. He takes the piece of the storyteller in many scenes; he additionally helps recap occasions when there is a quick paced scene. He mentioned to the Prince what happened when the two houses conflicted and Mercutio and Tybalt passed on. His enables the crowd to have a superior comprehension of the play and makes it more clear. He stays up with the latest and enables the strain to stay all through the play. An intriguing thing to note is that characters of high position consistently talk in riming couplets, this is Shakespeares approach to tell the crowd they are significant. Despite the fact that it's anything but a significant job Benvolios part is useful for the comprehension of the play. .u4407ef7c260d9325e701ef1cce4931a9 , .u4407ef7c260d9325e701ef1cce4931a9 .postImageUrl , .u4407ef7c260d9325e701ef1cce4931a9 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u4407ef7c260d9325e701ef1cce4931a9 , .u4407ef7c260d9325e701ef1cce4931a9:hover , .u4407ef7c260d9

Fire Investigation (assessment) Example

Fire Investigation (assessment) Example Fire Investigation (assessment) â€" Assignment Example > IntroductionFire is a factor that causes disastrous consequences to the society, environment and economical sectors of a region. Numerous causes are associated with result of fire, which leads to outcomes that may be devastating. Thus, the aim of this paper is to analyses some factors and variables that can be confident and applicable for an individual investigating fire incidents. Individual factors that causes and outcomes of fireMost fires are associated with ignorance or errors that are based on individuals not ensuring that fire related incidents are managed effectively. Some factors that can be classified as relevant to individuals include (Ching Winkel, 2007): Electrical equipments and settings â€" in many houses there are electrical equipments including wall sockets that are vulnerable or points of weaknesses that can cause fires. Some of the electrical equipments may have some engineering complications while the wall sockets may be loose or inappropriately connected. Thu s, inappropriate use of electronic equipments and appliances, and plugs may cause fire. Smoking â€" Smoking is a major individual cause of fires. Millions of people smoke but they do not smoke appropriate putting aside safety measures. Most people who smoke do not put out completely the cigarette filters, and they may likely through them into inflammable materials. Moreover, other causes that are related to smoking of cigarettes are falling asleep while smoking and some times using improper ashtrays. Smoking cigarettes is a major cause of individual fires in which the outcomes is usually devastating. Candles â€" Candles usually have devastating and upsetting consequences. Draughts are a major issue that is associated with candles and the fire leads to catch burnable items. Additionally, tilting candles that are not placed appropriately in suitable holders can easily cause fires. Candles are associated with individuals and should be placed strategically and appropriate to reduces c hances of fire hazards. Stoves and heating appliances are associated with numerous fire incidents. Individuals who use wooden heating appliances and stoves for cooking likely may cause fires. Unattended stoves for during cooking, burner being left on accidentally or even unattended pots usually are the main causes of residential fires. Generally, most individual’s carelessness and ignorance contributes to upsetting consequences. Many individuals ignore safety measures and usually results in devastating outcomes. Most of the fires are residential and thus these people should be educated in appropriate measures that will prevent occurrences of fires. Groups and family member’s factors that contribute to firmsGroups and family members bring many individuals with different characteristics and views into a single setting. Fire consciousness is a secondary issue while other members may not put into consideration collective responsibility requirements. In the case of family gatherings , the gatherings bring different people with children, aged and persons with disability (Stationery Office, 2007). Matches â€" it is a common phenomenon for children to play with matches. Grandchildren and children who play with matches cause most of the fires in homes and residential areas. Burns that is associated with matches and burn injuries contributes to devastating consequences of fire. Lighters and matches within the hands of young and teenagers results in devastating effects that include fatalities and thus grandparents and parents should take into consideration measures to ensure that their children and grandchildren are safe. Combustible material â€" Family members and group of individuals come together bringing together many components and materials that can contribute causing of fires. Combustible materials that are left near heat and fires may result in spreading of the fire resulting in devastating consequences. Combustible materials should be placed in an environm ent that will not likely cause fatalities or spread of fires. Accumulation of easily ignitable paper and rubbish â€" Groups and family members bringing many people together and many people is associated with huge amounts of garbage. This means that accumulation of ignitable material contribute to devastating effects in cases that the materials are placed in environments that can increase chances of fires. Arsons and fire started intentionally â€" these fires are common in those buildings and residential houses that many people live. This means that it is important to ensure that there should be measures and techniques that will ensure prevention of fires. Generally, arson can be defined as wilful or deliberate act of starting or setting fire to an item of property, dwelling house or even a building.

How a Cabinet Toe Kick Enhances Kitchen Ergonomics

Global Warming Is A Big Issue Causing The World - 1264 Words

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In order to even hope for a more promising future we must have massive changes in legislation, regulation, and find new cleaner energy sources. The world requires a huge change in how we manage and use our energy. President Obama leads the charge with his plan to limit the carbon pollution from power plants. This makes the U.S the first to have taken steps to try to stop global warming by limiting CO2 pollution with the Clean Power Plan (CPP). This has the potential of speeding up the shift from dirty coalShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming: Fiction or Truth? Essay example1369 Words   |  6 PagesTrue or false; global warming is a catastrophic event that is occurring by natural and human means that is causing global temperature to rise and that can lead to many disasters? This has been an issue that hundreds and maybe thousands of scientists and citizens have debated about back and forth. The thought of global warming existing is a strong claim that many and most people have been backing up. 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Native North Americans Journal Entry of a Subordinate Group Free Essays

One often wonders where the Native North Americans originated from. Some theories have been discussed about the peopling of the Americas. Early theories involving lost tribes and continents were based purely on speculation instead of actual scientific facts. We will write a custom essay sample on Native North Americans: Journal Entry of a Subordinate Group or any similar topic only for you Order Now Discoveries made during many archeological expeditions have helped shape the always changing interpretations by adding more questions and more theories. There have been genetic and linguistic studies which raised more understanding and brought new questions. It is theorized that during the latter part of the Cenozoic era, also known as the age of mammals that the Wisconsin glaciation caused enough of the planet’s water supply to turn into ice. This lowered the oceans and exposed now submerged land. This event created a stretch of land that the large mammals of the Ice Age era, along with the natives of that era, could very well have migrated across the newly formed land bridge, which now connected two continents. This land bridge is known as the Bering Strait, or Beringia. During the time that Beringia existed, the Wisconsin glaciers most likely prohibited migration to any southern or eastern regions. Another theory suggests that the early natives may have inhabited the now Alaskan region because it was ice-free due to low precipitation. Several melts over a period of time created passageways, and evidence from archeological site implies that there was an ice-free corridor for thousands of years. It was during another melt approximately ten thousand years ago, that a second corridor was most likely formed farther east along the borders of Saskatchewan and Canada plains. This points to the possibility that the ancient people could have traveled eastward along the rivers in the Great Plains, and down further south. The Indians known to history as the Sioux are also known as Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota, meaning allies. This is my heritage. I am a member of the largest division of Siouan family, otherwise known as Sioux. The name is from a term given to the largest and well- known of the tribal groups. At one time, my people stretched from the west banks of the Mississippi northward from Arkansas and the Rocky Mountains. The Dakotas also inhabited territory east of the river up to Wisconsin and Missouri. They were here to encounter DeSoto on his journey in 1541, when he reached the Indian villages in what is now eastern Arkansas. Another hundred years passed before any mention of Sioux existing, when in 1658 some Jesuit missionaries heard of the existence of about thirty Dakota villages just north of a Potawatomi mission. This was located at about the head of Green Bay, Wisconsin, in St. Michael. It was during the middle 1600’s when the Sioux, along with the Arapaho and Cheyenne had to migrate further westward towards the Great Plains to what is known as North Dakota, Minnesota, and South Dakota. This migration was mainly due to the O jibwa and Chippewa tribes pushing them out of the Great Lakes region. The Ojibwa and Chippewa had been pushed out of their own land that had been further east, by the European settlers of that time. In 1805 Lewis and Clark passed through the center of this region and made contact with the Sioux tribes. After this took place, several more expeditions brought traders that settled among the tribes, and in the course of some time, permanent settlers arrived. This made the area so small that eventually the people of my tribe were forced to live in Indian Territories or confined to Nebraska, the Dakotas, or Montana. This brought on a series of raids and counter raids that lasted from roughly 1850 through 1890 and were known as the Sioux Wars. In the first years of the twentieth century, the Dakotas also known as Tetons began the process of adapting to their new way of life. They still had strong faith in their own traditions, but realized that the old way was gone forever. Numerous changes with the economy and politics were forced on my people by the government. The people strived to establish a life for themselves that used both new changes, but still remained true to their values and beliefs. During the rest of the twentieth century, all of the reservations for the Dakotas, Lakotas, and Tetons lost more land due to ownership passes and inheritances. Division between rural dwellers and people who live in town have grown bigger. Rural residents tend to retain their use of native language, and be involved in cultural events, when townspeople adapt other aspects of the American culture. Most of the Sioux nation and other groups of American Indians live in South Dakota, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and North Dakota at present time on privatized land created by the government many years ago. Wendy Coghill How to cite Native North Americans: Journal Entry of a Subordinate Group, Papers

African Americans and Cardiovascular Disease Essay Example For Students

African Americans and Cardiovascular Disease Essay Abstract This paper introduces a new approach understanding about the risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in African Americans, to improve self-efficacy for diet and physical activity, and to increase intentions to eat healthier and be physically active. This paper examines the effects of risks associated with being an African American with cardiovascular disease. These changes in behavioral, educational and physical activity may reverse the effects of cardiovascular disease. Providing education about the risk factors for cardiovascular disease can offer a reduction in early death amongst young African American men. African Americans and Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a term used to describe diseases of the heart and blood vessels, in which the blood vessels are blocked and leads to various forms of CVD such as stroke, coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis, and congenital heart defects. According to the American Heart Association (2009), more Americans die from CVD than any other disease and African Americans are at a greater risk for the disease than any other ethnic group (pp32). CVD is the number one killer of African American males in the United States. The American Heart Associations’ statistics show that 45. 9% of African American men have some form of CVD, 32. 4% of these African Americans will die before the age of fifty. Over 100,000 black men die each year from CVD; this is 274 men every day, and 11 men an hour. There are many factors that contribute to this disparity, but most of these factors can be corrected or prevented. The cardiovascular diseases that are the greatest threat to African Americans are coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, and high cholesterol. The risk factors or causes for these diseases are usually linked or overlapping, that is factors that contribute to high cholesterol also may cause stroke or heart disease. The methods of reversing or preventing these diseases are pretty similar or the same for one another. About the Major Diseases Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the United States among African American men (Medline 2009); it is a disease where the small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart narrow. This narrowing of the blood vessels is due to the buildup of plaque on the walls of the arteries; this plaque comes from an overload of cholesterol in the blood system. As the coronary arteries narrow, blood flow to the heart can slow down or even stop. â€Å"This can cause chest pain, shortness of breath, heart failure, and heart attacks† (Medline, 2009). There are many factors that increase risk factors for CHD and there are factors that can be controlled and some factors you cannot control. The factors you cannot control are heredity, in which there is a family history of CHD especially if they had it before the age of fifty, and age or gender, where men are more susceptible to this disease and at an earlier age than women. Then there are factors that you can control such as diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, alcohol abuse, not exercising, and excessive stress. High blood pressure (HBP) is the restriction of blood flow through the vessels thus putting extra strain on the heart and damaging blood vessels. African American Community Health Advisory Committee’s factsheet (2008) states, â€Å"Twenty-eight percent of African American men are affected by HBP, and it is the cause of 65,000 deaths a year. † High blood pressure increases the pressure in the arteries, and as the heart pumps against this pressure, the heart has to work harder. If left untreated, this will cause the heart muscle to thicken and the left ventricle will become enlarged. Organizational Behavior EssayWe need to get away from the idea that heart disease, high blood pressure and diabetes are just a way of life in the African American Community. Perhaps your mom or dad had high blood pressure and died young but you do not need to accept that you will have those problems. You need to realize maybe mom was obese and never exercised and dad ate an unhealthy, high fat diet. † If you are African American and know you are at an elevated risk, go to the doctor at least once a year and get a check-up. Pay close attention to your diet, be more active, watch your weight, and minimize your stress. Also, educate yourself on the risks and treatments of these diseases and this will have a tremendous impact on your health. If you have any questions, please call you doctor or nurse. References American Heart Association. (2009). 11. Retrieved from http://www. americanheart. org (Corporate author; Technical or research report; Published on the Internet) Delores, C. (2004). Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrition and Well-being A-Z , 2. (Journal with discontinuous pagniation; No DOI provided) Brennan, T. , Spettell, C. , Villagra, V. , Ofili, E. , McMahill-Walraven, C. , Lowy, E. , et al. (2010). Disease management to promote blood pressure control among African Americans. Population Health Management, 13(2), 65-72. doi:10. 1089/pop. 2009. 0019. (Journal with discontinuous pagination; DOI provided) Emory Healthcare. (2009). African Americans and Heart Disease. Retrieved from http://minorityhealth. hhs. gov/templates/content. aspx? ID=3018. (Corporate author; Technical or research report; Published on the Internet) Funnell MM. , Weiss, MA. Empowering Patients with Diabetes. (2009) Nursing, 39(3):34-7. (Journal with discontinuous pagniation; No DOI provided) Hayman, LL, Kamau MW, Stuart-Shor EM. 2009). The Heart of the Matter: reducing CVD Risk. Nurse Pract. 35 (5):30-5. (Journal with discontinuous pagniation; No DOI provided) Medline Plus. (2007). Coronary Heart Disease. Medical Encyclopedia Retrieved from http//www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007115. htm (Corporate author; Technical or research report; Published on the Internet) Medline Plus. (2007). High Blood Ch olesterol. Medical Encyclopedia Retrieved from http://www. nhlbi. nih. gov/health/dci/Diseases/Hbc/HBC_WhatIs. html (Corporate author; Technical or research report; Published on the Internet) Medline Plus. 2007). Hypertensive Heart Disease. In Medical Encyclopedia http://www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000163. httm (Corporate author; Technical or research report; Published on the Internet) Medline Plus. (2007). Stroke. Medical Encyclopedia. Retrieved from http//www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000726. htm (Corporate author; Technical or research report; Published on the Internet) Newland, J. (2004). Screening for High Blood Pressure: Recommendations and Rationale. American Journal of Nursing , 104 (11), 70-88. (Journal with discontinuous pagniation; No DOI provided) Overbaugh, K. (2009). Acute Coronary Syndrome. American Journal of Nursing , 109 (5), 42- 52. doi: 10. 1097/01. NAJ. 0000351508. 39509. e2. (Journal with discontinuous pagination; DOI provided) The African American Community Health Advisory Committee. (2004). African Americans and Cardiovascular Disease. Retrieved from http://www. aachac. org (Corporate author; Technical or research report; Published on the Internet) . The statistics for this paragraph were taken from the American Heart Association’s factsheet.

Windows vs Linux free essay sample

This report analyzes the different features of both operating systems in order to arrive at a conclusion on which OS is better for daily use. Both systems are evaluated on a wide range of criteria such as cost, installation process, software applications, hardware, user interface, security/stability, troubleshooting, and the implementation of the OS itself. These will help decide which of the two systems is better to use on a daily basis. Before I begin the comparison the reader needs to know that Windows is created, maintained, and updated by Microsoft. No one from outside can access the underlying code. However, Linux is created and updated by volunteers all over the world, which is why there are so many different variations of Linux like Red Hat, SuSE, Mandrake Soft and a few more. The important features of the operating systems are discussed below. COST:- The Windows operating system is significantly more expensive than the Linux operating system. We will write a custom essay sample on Windows vs Linux or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In fact, the Linux OS can even be obtained for no cost through many websites. Also, only one copy of Windows can be installed once, whereas Linux can be installed as many times as needed. As of January 2005, the price of a Windows-based operating system is $300. 00 at Wal-Mart, while the price of a Linux-based operating system is $200. 00. So, when it comes to cost, Linux is preferable over Windows. The installation of the Windows OS is more straightforward and self-explanatory. Almost anyone can install Windows on a computer. Installation of the Linux OS, on the other hand, is very complicated since the instructions are written in a highly technical language that not many average computer users are familiar with. Most of the time, an expert is required to perform the installation of Linux. This was once sarcastically referred to in a cartoon: to Linux, â€Å"non-technical† people meant those who have never actually created something for Linux and not people who have never used Linux before. The procedure for installing Windows or any other software is always consistent and varies a great deal from the installation of Linux and its software. An average person with a limited knowledge of computers would prefer Windows over Linux for its simple and straightforward installation process. There are more software applications available for the Windows OS than for the Linux. However, the applications for Windows are very expensive, whereas the software for Linux is often available at a much cheaper price. Most software for Linux is included with its installation CD, whereas for Windows, everything must be purchased separately for a high price. Also, in most situations, the software for both operating systems is equivalent, yet there is a significant price difference between them. A person using the computer on a daily basis and who needs various software applications will prefer Linux over Windows. More hardware is available for Windows than for Linux. However, Linux is compatible with most hardware and it runs on almost any platform. It can also run from a CD-ROM whereas Windows has to be installed on the hard drive before it can be used. So, for someone who uses a lot of hardware such as CD/DVD burner or printer, Windows would be more beneficial than Linux. Windows is more user-friendly thank Linux. However, Linux is more customizable than Windows since its code is accessible to anyone. For someone who does not care much about the extra features such as the uniqueness of the desktop, Windows will be better because of its user-friendly interface. As of May 2004, it was calculated that there are about 40000 viruses created for Windows over the past ten years. [1] Furthermore, this count of viruses implies that Windows is being attacked by almost 10 viruses per day. Compared to Windows, Linux is virus-free. Linux strictly asks for the administrative password before downloading or installing any application to ensure safety and security. Once you are into an administrative account in Windows you can access almost every part of the computer with no problems at all. Once a virus enters Windows through an administrative account, it has almost no problem in installing itself and corrupting the system. Also, in Linux you absolutely need to have a user ID and a password to login, whereas in Windows you have an option to turn that feature off. Therefore Linux is definitely more stable than Windows.. There are more technicians and experts for Windows than for Linux. However, that does not pose a problem since Linux is relatively more stable than Windows. There is also a lot of online help available for Linux. So, an average user who does not have much knowledge on how to troubleshoot computers might prefer Windows over Linux. The source code of Windows is known as â€Å"closed-source† in nature: the underlying code cannot be accessed by anyone except for those who actually work for Microsoft. The source-code of Linux is known as â€Å"open-source† in nature, and its code can be accessed and modified by anyone. It is due to this nature of Linux that there are so many variations of Linux on the market today. It also makes it unique and customizable from others. However, an average person might not know how to fix code, and might prefer Windows over Linux. Windows has been around in the market for more than 10 years, and has found its way in to almost every user’s computer. Linux was no competition to Windows until about two years ago. So, some people believe that the longer a product is on the market the better it is, and for those people, Windows ight appeal more than Linux. When it comes down to comparing the two operating systems, the most important criteria will be the cost, software applications, and the security and stability. Linux beats Windows in cost, security and stability, and software applications. In the other criteria, Windows does beat Linux. However, in the long run, the first three criteria are much more significant than the rest. Thus, Linux proves to be a better op erating system than Windows for a daily user. Some detailed knowledge about LINUX and WINDOWS†¦.. Linux has made some serious headway over the past decade, elevating itself from â€Å"that open source operating system† to â€Å"wow, this thing is actually usable! † There’s been a gentle but definite trickle of users away from Windows toward the freer option of Linux and maybe you’re thinking about making that leap. But should you? Here are some fundamental differences between Windows and Linux. Read through them and be absolute certain that you’re willing to put up with the learning curve because there’s nothing worse than jumping headfirst into something unexpected. File Structure:- [pic] The fundamental structure of Linux is completely different from Windows–as it should be, considering that it was developed over a separate codebase with separate developers. You won’t find a  My Documents  on Ubuntu, nor will you find  Program Files  on Fedora. There are no  C:  or  D:  drives. Instead, there is one single file tree and your drives are mounted into that tree. Similarly, your home  directory and your  desktop  directory, they’re both part of that single file tree. Technically, you’ll need to learn a whole new file system and its architecture; practically, it’s not very hard, but the difference is still there. No Registry:- [pic] Have you heard of the  Windows registry? If you haven’t, here’s an extremely fast crash course: it’s a master database of all the settings on your computer. It holds application information, user passwords, device information–pretty much anything you can think of. If it’s not stored as a file, it’s probably stored in the registry. Linux doesn’t have a registry. The applications on a Linux machine store their settings on a program-by-program basis under the hierarchy of users. In this sense, Linux configurations are modular. You won’t find a centralized database that needs periodic cleaning here. Package Manager:- [pic] On Windows, you often need to fiddle with this thing called an  installation package. You visit some website, go to their download section, and click on the link that sends you an . exe file. You run it and the program does its thing and that’s when you consider it to be â€Å"installed. † And when you want to remove programs, you have to mess with the Control Panel. Right? With most Linux systems, you won’t have to deal with that anymore. Instead, you’ll have something called a  package manager, which is essentially a center for browsing, installing, and removing program packages. Instead of visiting the Firefox website, you can just search your package manager’s repositories and download it straight. Personally, this is one of my favorite differences between Linux and Windows. Interchangeable Interfaces:- [pic] The Windows interface hasn’t experienced much innovation in a long, long time. Sure, there’s Aero that came with Windows Vista. Before that, XP made some small improvements over Windows Classic. But the Start Menu, Taskbar, System Tray, Windows Explorer–all of it was fundamentally the same thing. On Linux, the interface is completely severed from the core system. You can switch up your interface environment without mucking about with reinstallations and whatnot. There’s GNOME and KDE and the more recent Unity, as well as a number of lesser-known varieties that all focus on different aspects. Command Terminal:- [pic] Linux has a (fading) reputation for being the operating system for geeks and that reputation mostly comes from the prevalence of the terminal. What’s a terminal, you ask? It’s that black box with traditionally green text that you can use to execute commands. In other words, it’s like Windows Command Prompt on crack. If you’re going to switch to Linux, you must be open to learning about command structures because you will find yourself using it frequently. I’m sure there are graphical workarounds (such as opening config files in a text editor) but it’s hard to beat the power and efficiency of a terminal that does exactly what you tell it to do. Driver Settings Because Windows has such a widespread grasp on the PC market, driver manufacturers tend to focus their efforts on that one operating system. Which means companies like AMD and Nvidia prioritize Windows over Linux. Which means you may end up pulling out tufts of hair in frustration as you try to find the latest compatible drivers for your system. Then again, it depends what you’re going to use while on Linux. If all you need is a word processor, a web browser, some form of instant messaging and email, then it would be passable, if not inconvenient, to have missing drivers. But if you want to play games, you may want to reconsider. (Then again, you’ll have a hard enough time playing mainstream games on Linux to begin with. ) Do-It-Yourself Attitude:- All in all, the Linux environment really calls for a do-it-yourself mindset. The kind of people who would most benefit from the freedom and openness of Linux are the people–men and women alike–who enjoy exploring, learning, and experimenting with what they’re given. Every Linux computer is unique, and that uniqueness comes from having to personalize a bunch of settings to your hardware and setup.

7 tips to not letting work take over your life

7 tips to not letting work take over your life In this age of leaning in and working whatever hours it takes to get ahead, it can be increasingly easy to forget to take time for yourself. Doing anything but work can actually seem like laziness or self-indulgence- especially when it looks like everyone else is still working furiously while you’ve taken off for the day. However, burnout is real. If you’re not operating at full capacity because you’re mentally and physically exhausted, your work and personal life will suffer. The key is to find a  good balance between your hard work and your outside life. Here are a few strategies on how to do just that.1. Keep one day meeting-free.Lots of companies establish one day a week as â€Å"meeting-free,† where no one is allowed to schedule any kind of mandatory group gathering. If your company doesn’t do this, suggest it to your manager. Setting aside one work day that’s just for you to actually work will do wonders for your productivity. Youâ₠¬â„¢ll get more done during the day and take home less work (and stress) at night.2. Work from home if possible.If telecommuting is an option for you at your job, take advantage of it. If it isn’t yet, have a conversation with your boss. Even one day or half day a week can help keep you grounded and give you that little bit of extra space that keeps you centered.3. Protect your time away from the office.If you do have to take work home, make sure you set strict time limits for yourself, so it doesn’t eat up all of your out-of-office time. Triage the important stuff. Respond only to the most critical emails, then leave the rest for when you’re back at your desk. And unless it’s truly an emergency, try to make it a policy not to respond to work emails at all over the weekends. Your weekend time is your own.4. Fit in exercise.Build this into your work day, with something as simple as a half-hour walk during your lunch break. If that isn’t possible, bu ild an hour or two a week into your weekly routine. Exercise will keep you healthy, sharp, young, and full of endorphins. You can’t really afford not to find the time, so go ahead and make sure you do- your body and your brain will thank you. Taking care of your body takes care of so much else.5. Make family a priority.The people you love and who love you in your life aren’t expendable, and your job should know that. If emergencies come up, show up. Make time to be there for the people that you love as a rule, not as an exception.6. Take vacation.Seriously. Vacation and personal time exist for a reason. Take every day you are allowed. You’re supposed to use these days, and you (and your boss) will be glad you did. Your work and attitude will definitely improve after taking a break.7. Schedule blank time.Instead of scheduling yourself to the gills, from your alarm going off in the morning until bedtime, make sure you block off time in your schedule when you donâ €™t have anything to do- not even family obligations or doctors appointments. Let your brain really an truly relax,  and it will stay sharp and creative.You might not be able to give yourself a full half-hour or hour every day, but you can try. Even just twenty minutes to sit quietly and meditate or take a walk can make all the difference in your attitude and your health.

Critical Communication Event on the Internet Essay

Critical Communication Event on the Internet - Essay Example The responsibility of the press to relay messages in such incidences was seen to come out very clearly. The public seemed to be very aware of the happenings at that particular time. The media did not assume its role in concealing information but portrayed the information to the mass just as the events unfold. The issue of size policy in relation to the Southwest Airlines came out clearly. With the news, the customers were much enlightened on who they would be dealing with the next time they use the Southwest airlines. With the freedom of the press, many journalists attempted to conduct interview with Emery Orto to have a clear understanding on the views regarding to the issue. From the journalists’, judgment on various online articles, Orto seemed to have an irrational attitude and his communication with the authorities was not at all pleasant. Not only was it his size barred him from flying but his rude approach on the authorities. With the freedom of the press, each and every person is given an opportunity to air their views, in our case study, the huge person, Orto, and the refusal to board on the plane by the Southwest Airlines

Instructional Design Skills and Competencies Dissertation

Instructional Design Skills and Competencies - Dissertation Example This includes internal training courses, formal and informal mentoring, certification programs, and externally run training courses. Unfortunately, this is not the case for all faculty. Although these numbers have increased nationwide, when analyzing data from individual schools, there are many faculty who do not receive this training. The specific topic for this research is the skills that are needed for faculty who are involved in online course development, and the training that is needed to assist in this development. 1.4 Research Problem Write a brief statement that fully describes the problem being addressed. Present this in one sentence or no more than one clear concise paragraph. Through the past decade, the number of higher education institutions that offer online courses has increased, and there has been an increase of enrollment in these courses (Allen and Seaman, 2011). In specific colleges and universities, faculty members are faced with developing these courses without f ormal training in many cases. This lack of knowledge indicates a need for increased knowledge and skill building for all teachers developing and teaching online course. According to Allen and Seaman (2011), 65% of institutions surveyed indicated that online course delivery is critical to an institution’s long-term plans. Also, there has been an increase in acceptance of online courses (Carliner & Driscoll, 2009). Faculty is often responsible for creation, development, and management of online classes (Carliner & Driscoll, 2009), without formal training. Devries (2007) states that there is an assumption that ready-made software automates part of course development processes, leaving only the contributions of subject matter experts (SMEs), who are the faculty-designers. This usually is not true in practice. Although the software may use templates and other tools, faculty may lack understanding of how to use them (De Vries, 2007). Faculty-designers are often met with the tasks o f developing and managing course content, facilitating and recording student activity, providing consultation sessions for students with questions and concerns and developing meaningful learning activities (Ally, 2008). The need for faculty training in these areas is well documented (Ally, 2008; De Vries, 2007) and an effective training program to enhance the skills needed must be found. 1.5 Research Purpose Write a brief statement that fully describes the intent of the study or the reason for conducting the study. Present this in one sentence or no more than one clear concise paragraph. The purpose of this study is to understand the needs of faculty designers who teach and design online courses. The findings from this study will provide insight into instructional design skills currently used by faculty-designers of online higher education courses. It will also provide information about skills required to develop and manage online courses from the faculty-designer perspective. The f uture purpose of this research is to design a training program for a higher education institution where faculty need training. 1.6 Research Question(s) (What do you really want to know? The rest of this form derives from and should constantly be

Case study of cyanotic congenital heart disease

Case study of cyanotic congenital heart disease Baby J, a 3-week-old infant, was admitted to Ward 5A since birth due to severe central cyanosis caused by several congenital heart problems. Soon after birth, he suffered from respiratory distress, where his initial SaO2 was only about 70%. He was resuscitated and given 5 nanograms/kg/min of Prostin (Prostaglandin E2). On appearance, he was dusky-looking and his peripheries were cold and cyanosed. He was started on biphasic continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) via an apnoea mask and also given positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) as an adjunct. His CPAP was delivered using nasal cannula the following day after his SaO2 increased to 80% and he remained on CPAP for the first 5 days after birth, which subsequently was weaned off. Antenatal scans found pulmonary atresia, overriding aorta and ventricular septal defect (VSD). Postnatally, cardiac catheterisation confirmed the antenatal findings with extra major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs). He tolerated feeding via TPN and was given 6ml of EBM (expressed breast milk) at intervals of 2 hourly. Bottle feeding was attempted on 28/09/09 and he tolerated the feedings well. Recently, the feedings increased to 44ml 2 hourly. Baby J passed urine normally and his stools were of normal consistency. Past Medical and Surgical History Baby J underwent a cardiac surgery on 1/10/09 through a median sternotomy and a Melbourne shunt was inserted to create an aortopulmonary connection. He was also diagnosed with Alagilles syndrome (an autosomal dominant inherited disorder affecting the heart, liver, spine, kidney and central nervous system). Family History Baby Js father was diagnosed with Alagilles syndrome as a child. He has congenital spinal abnormalities, cardiac defects (atrial septal defect, ASD, pulmonary stenosis and right ventricular dysfunction). Baby Js mother suffered from depression for about 3 years now. She also has asthma and a high BMI of 40. During pregnancy, Baby Js mother was on anti-depressant (Fluoxetine 20 mg OD) and inhalers (Becctide and Ventolin). Drug History NKDA Medication Dosage Frequency Aspirin 15mg OD Frusemide 3mg BD Spironolactone 3mg BD Social History Baby J is the 3rd child in the family. He has one brother and 2 sisters. His brother was also diagnosed with Alagilles and suffers from cardiac anomaly. Baby Js mother is a non-smoker and she did not drink alcohol while conceiving him. Systemic Enquiry Neurological None to note. Cardiovascular See above. Respiratory Cyanotic. Gastrointestinal None to note. Opened bowel normally with normal stools. Genitourinary None to note. Passed urine normally. Haematological None to note. No fevers or rigors Musculoskeletal None to note. Endocrine None to note PHYSICAL EXAMINATION General Inspection Not distressed or in pain. Alert and non-lethargic. Apyrexial (Temperature 37.1 0C) Mild bluish discolouration of lips and tongue. SaO2 83% on room air. Heart rate: 156 bpm RR: 48/min Anterior fontanelle normal. Cardiovascular Examination Examination Findings BP Pulse rate 78/ 45 mmHg 156 bpm (regular, normal volume, character) No radial-radial delay or radio-femoral delay. Normal radial/ brachial/ femoral pulses. Normal carotid pulses. Inspection Hands and nails Face and tongue Precordium Ankle Non-cyanotic fingers. CRT No finger clubbing/ splinter haemorrhages. Non-pallor palmar creases. Deep-set eyes, prominent forehead (features of Alagilles syndrome) Non-pallor conjunctiva Mild central cyanosis (bluish tinge to tongue) Median stenotomy scar. No peripheral oedema (rarely seen in children) Palpation Central trachea. No thrills or left parasternal heave. Auscultation HS=I+Single II (muscular pulmonary atresia) + Ejection click (due to high flow across aortic valve) and continuous murmur. Respiratory Examination Examination Findings Inspection Hands Mouth Eyes Chest wall Not breathless or in distress. Breathing at ease. No peripheral cyanosis. No finger clubbing. Mild bluish tinge to tongue. No jaundice and non-pallor conjunctiva. Normal AP diameter. Symmetrical movement of chest wall with respiration No accessory muscles used in respiration. Trachea Central, no tracheal tug Percussion Generally, resonant to percussion. Auscultation Vesicular breath sounds. Normal air entry. No wheeze or added sounds. Summary of Problems Baby J suffered from severe cyanosis immediately post-delivery due to closure of ductus arteriosus. To maintain the patency of the duct, he was given prostaglandin E2. However, this was just a temporary measure to maintain a duct-dependent pulmonary circulation. A more definitive treatment for Baby J was to establish a direct connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery by a shunt in order to promote growth of central pulmonary artery. Differential Diagnosis *Most likely differential for Baby J bolded. Differentials of cyanosis:- Primary pulmonary disease Cyanotic congenital heart disease Reduced or duct-dependent pulmonary circulation Tetralogy of Fallot Pulmonary atresia Tricuspid atresia Abnormal mixing Transposition of great arteries Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (all draining into right atrium) Single truncus arteriosus Persistent pulmonary hypertension due to persistent fetal circulation Anaemia Asphyxia Sepsis Metabolic disorder Methaemoglobinaemia due to haemolytic anaemia Management Plan Initial management:- Respiratory distress at birth Resuscitation, give CPAP and PEEP to maintain oxygenation to lungs, immediate Prostin (5ng/kg/min) Check breathing Maintain circulation IV fluids Routine bloods and ABG Continuous monitoring oxygen saturation and vitals Cardiology review- echo and CXR Echo findings consistent with Fallot tetralogy with MAPCAs CXR found cardiomegaly Feeding via TPN (6ml/kg/2 hourly) Further management:- Cardiac catherisation to assess for cardiac anomaly Cardiology experts advised surgery to establish connection between aorta and pulmonary artery to increase pulmonary blood flow. Melbourne shunt was inserted via median sternotomy on 1/10/09. Echo post-op showed good flow in small pulmonary arteries and patent central shunt. Continue monitoring oxygen saturation aim to keep above 75% Perform ECG Monitor temperature post-op If pyrexial, culture blood and give vancomycin and gentamicin. Start on aspirin, frusemide, spironolactone and paracetamol PRN. Increase feed to 150ml/kg/day via bottle Relevant Investigations and Results: Bloods results (2/10/09) after cardiac surgery FBC Hb Platelets WBC 15.2 230 10.5 UE Na+ K+ Cl Urea Creatinine 142 4.7 100 3.9 77 LFTs Alk P AST ALT Pro Alb 274 29 31 55 27 CRP 100 Echo Results on 18/09/09 Pulmonary atresia, MAPCAs, VSD, overriding aorta. Results on 2/10/09 Patent central shunt with good flow to small pulmonary arteries. MAPCAs flow demonstrated from joined aortopulmary branches. X-ray of whole spine Single AP view of thoracolumbar spine no abnormality found. Reflective Commentary: Tetralogy of Fallot Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the commonest cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease. It has 4 cardinal anatomical anomalies:- [1] Large outlet VSD Overriding aorta with respect to ventricular septum Right ventricular outflow obstruction (infundibular and valvular pulmonary stenosis) Right ventricular hypertrophy Epidemiology TOF affects 3-6 infants in every 10, 000 births. [1] Aetiology [4] The aetiology is unknown, but evidence suggests a multifactorial cause. Antenatal risk factors are:- Maternal rubella (or other viral infections during pregnancy) Poor antenatal nutrition Maternal alcohol use Maternal age > 40 years Diabetes Children with Down syndrome have a higher risk of TOF. Presentation [4] Symptoms Very few infants present with severe cyanosis in the first few days of life with duct-dependent pulmonary circulation. Most infants are diagnosed by murmur at the age of 1-2 months. Feeding difficulty and failure to thrive. Tet spells episodes of bluish pale skin during crying or feeding. Squatting is classical of infants with TOF. Exertional dyspnoea usually worsens with age. Physical examination Smaller than expected for age. Peripheral cyanosis is normally found at birth, and after 3-6 months, finger clubbing may develop. Cardiac examination:- A thrill at left sternal border. Ejection systolic murmur heard over the pulmonic area and the left sternal border. In babies with aortopulmonary collaterals, continuous murmurs may be detected The S2  is usually single. Diagnosis Diagnosis is through history and clinical examination, supported by chest x-ray and ECG, and confirmed by echocardiography. Bloods Haemoglobin and haematocrit are usually increased in relation to the degree of cyanosis. The arterial oxygen saturation varies from 65-70%. ECG ECG shows right ventricular hypertrophy (+ right axis deviation) and may also show right atrial hypertrophy. Imaging Radiography Classical boot-shaped heart. Echocardiography Used to diagnose ductus arteriosus, VSD, or ASD with Doppler echocardiography. *Comparison of Baby Js presentation to the classical presentation Baby J had severe pulmonary atresia (muscular in origin) due to a severely malrotated infundibular septum. He suffered from life-threatening cyanosis at birth which had to be attended to promptly by maintaining the patency of ductus arteriosis using prostaglandin E2. As he was highly symptomatic, a palliative surgery to increase pulmonary blood flow had to be done where he underwent placement of Melbourne shunt connecting his aorta to MAPCA. This was done hoping to promote the development of main pulmonary artery. Baby J also had another problem which was the 50% possible chance of inheriting Alagilles syndrome (autosomal dominant) from his father. His LFTs were checked for any liver abnormality which is commonly implicated in this syndrome. He also had spine X-ray to exclude spinal deformities. He will be having ophthalmology review soon as well. GMC theme 2: Treatment Acute treatment [4] Neonates with severe cyanosis due to ductal constriction are given an infusion of prostaglandin E2(0.05 to 0.1  ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼g/kg/min IV) to reopen the ductus arteriosus. Tet spells are usually self-limiting and followed by a period of sleep. If prolonged (> 15 mins), treatment consists of:- [4] placing infants in a knee-chest position sedation and pain relief morphine  IM. IV fluids are used for volume expansion. Propanolol  IV acts as peripheral vasoconstrictor. Bicarbonate to correct acidosis. Muscle paralysis and artificial ventilator to reduce oxygen demand. Symptomatic or palliative treatment in first few months Palliative surgery can be performed in patients who are not suitable for complete repair or patients with tet spells. One of the commonly used procedures is the Blalock-Taussig shunt where the subclavian artery is connected to the ipsilateral pulmonary artery with a prosthetic graft. Baby J had a relatively new shunt placement (first developed in Melbourne) which connects the major aortopulmonary collateral artery (MAPCA) to aorta. This has been shown to promote the growth of central pulmonary artery. [2] Melbourne shunt: illustrates the completed shunt with the pulmonary artery anastomosed to the posterior and left lateral aspect of the ascending aorta close to the sinotubular junction. Adapted from Ref [2] Corrective Surgery Since TOF is a progressive disorder, Baby J will require a more definitive corrective surgery. Nowadays, surgery is commonly performed electively at around 6 months of age (or before 1 year). The timing of complete surgical repair on Baby J will depend on numerous factors like further symptoms, severity of lesions (multiple VSDs, pulmonary atresia),etc. Complete repair is achieved by patch closure of VSD and widening of right ventricular outflow tract. Perioperative mortality rate is   Primary repair is beneficial in terms of preventing long-term right ventricular outflow obstruction and the consequential development of right ventricular hypertrophy, prolonged cyanosis, and postnatal angiogenesis. [1] Summary Survival in children with simple forms of TOF is promising and quality of life is good. Studies showed that survivors are in NYHA 1 class with minimal reduction in exercise capacity. However, Baby J has a rather severe form of TOF and it is difficult to predict his prognosis as for now. This will depend on his progress after corrective surgery repair done. He will need life-long cardiac review and this can be quite stressful for the child and the family as well. Baby J is fortunate to have good supportive parents who are both rather anxious about the childs condition during the interview.

Evolution Of Management Essay -- Organization Management Industry

Evolution of Management In this paper I will be explaining the evolution of management from the beginning of the industrial revolution to present which includes Classical School of Management, the Human Relations/ Behavioral School of Management, Theory X and Y, the Scientific Approach, Contingency Approach, and Theory Z. I will also be comparing the classical style and the present style to each other and to my current work environment. The Classical school of thought began during the Industrial Revolution around 1900 and continued into the 1920s when new problems related to the factory system began to appear. Managers were unsure of how to train employees (many of them non-English speaking immigrants) or deal with increased labor dissatisfaction, so they began to test solutions. Traditional or classical management focuses on efficiency and includes scientific, bureaucratic and administrative management. Bureaucratic management needs a rational set of structuring guidelines, such as rules and procedures, hierarchy, and a clear division of labor. Scientific management focuses on the "one best way" to do the job. Administrative management emphasizes the flow of information in the operation of the organization. The first... ...g. Fayol believed that all managers performed these functions and that the functions distinguished management as a separate discipline of study apart from accounting, finance, and production." (Online - http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Log-Mar/Management Thought.html) [3] "McGregor recognized that some people may not have reached the level of maturity assumed by Theory Y and therefore may need tighter controls that can be relaxed as the employee develops." (Online - http://www.envisionsoftware.com/articles/Theory_X.html) [4] "This approach arose out of the observation that the three earlier approaches to management - the Classical, the Behavioral, and the Operations Research - did not always lead to an acceptable solution" (Patrick J. Montana and Bruce H Charnov, Management, Third Edition, page 30)

Organizational Conflict Essay

Conflicts within an organization can be difficult on employees. Some conflicts may be petty and some could end up in violence. They are often started because of the difference of opinions between employees (Shetach, A., 2012). Regardless of the situation; employers cannot afford to have conflicts within their organization. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the reason for the conflict within this organization and to come up with ways to help solve the conflicts. Description of the Conflict The conflict at my place of employment is that there are never enough associates scheduled to perform the duties that are needed to be done. The ICS team is the main team that goes through the inventory in the back room on a daily basis. Their job is to bin every item that comes within this store with a labeling system. The problem that is being cause is that there are not enough associates able to keep up with binning the items after the ICS team finishes scanning and counting their freight. What conflict that has occurred from this is that the unloaders are coming in and they have to help them out. In return the un-loaders are falling behind in their work. When the morning shift associates comes in; mainly department managers they have to work out the items that the ICS team has scanned. When you look at the amount of freight that is needing to be work out, it could be from four to fifteen L-carts. L-carts are the large carts that are used to move large freight to the floor or to the customer’s car. Production was falling behind because there was not a good plan set into place on who, what, and how the receiving area of the store would be operated. There was lack of communication that was going on between upper management and lower management. It seemed as though the associates were the ones that were making the decisions instead of the managers. The ICS team and the un-loaders were constantly arguing with each other, claiming that the other one is not doing their job. The department managers were coming in to work stating that the overnight associates were not putting out freight. It looked as if the same freight was left from the day before was not being worked. Level of Conflict There are four levels of conflict within an organization (Baack, D., 2012). What is going on within this organization is called intragroup conflicts. Intragroup conflicts occur when incidents between members of a team do not have the same mind set concerning goals. They disagree with the way the operations are being handled and the leadership (Baack, D., 2012). If conflicts are left unattended within an organization it could affect the overall goal of the company. The teams may not do what they need to do and the decision that they make in doing their job may not be the right decision (Baack, D., 2012). Propose Steps to Resolve the Conflict There are five steps that must be followed in order to help resolve conflicts within this organization. The first thing is to identify the parties that are involved in the conflict. Determining if the entire team is involved or if there is an individual that is causing the conflict need to be investigated first (Baack, D., 2012). By doing this, it will allow for the managers to help determine what is need to be done in order to resolve the conflict. This conflict can be stopped with the proper communication between team members and management. But they need to have weekly meeting in order to go over their goals and their concerns (Shetach, A., 2012). Having meeting will allow the team members to voice their opinions if they feel they may not be doing ample amount of production that is needed in order to be productive. This can be analyzed by management as soon as it is brought up in the meeting. The management team needs to find out what the real issue is within the team and figure o ut how the problem started. While they are investigating this issue they need to also know what position that each team member have concerning this conflict (Baack, D., 2012). This can help management to understand where each team member stands on this conflict so it could help them come up with a better solution in order to stop the problem. Finding an area in which there can be bargaining is very important in resolving conflicts within an organization (Baack, D., 2012). Management need to stay neutral in making a decision regarding the conflict that is going on between the ICS team, the unloaders, and the department managers. There should be lines in which the managers need to be able to listen to all sides and not show favoritism. Finding the best solution for the organization in what is important. The policies need to be addressed at the time when bargaining process is going on (Montgomery, M., 1995). At the same time, the team members need to be able to work through their conflicts. There need to be a check list that needs to be done on a daily basis in order for each backroom associate to follow. If they are not able to do what they are assigned then they should be able to type in the reason why. For example, I was called to work in the garden center by Assistant Tony. It should have the time, and date on the log so that it can show the reason why a task was not completed. Management should not be able to call an ICS member out of their work area for more than 15 minutes a day. Considering they might be one of four that was assigned to scan in what is coming off of the trucks. Another step that could help resolve the conflict is to schedule people with the department managers that only have one associate. Some department managers do not have more than one associate within th eir area. A department manage usually have five hundred to five thousand prices changes to do on a daily basis. They have to work their bins; bins are the freight that they have to put out on the shelves. If more associates are schedule past 5 pm, it could help the organization to make a better profit; because the shelves will be filled. Not all conflict situations are the same. Some may be resolved if the people that are involved learn the effect that their opinion, attitudes, or behavior have on other team members (Montgomery, M., 1995). Some of the managers need to be more productive by helping the team members to see what they need to improve in or what they have to offer to make the team stronger. Outcomes to the Conflict Resolution By not doing anything and letting the teams argue about what each other are doing it will cause a lack of production within the team. It could affect the entire team as a whole. Agreement is very important in a conflict resolution (Baack, D., 2012). When all of the team members on the ICS, department managers, and the un-loaders believe that their opinions matters that is when agreement is reached. The managers have to let them all know that all of the concerns that were leading up to their conflicts have been met. Everyone will be held accountable for their own job expectation, and no one will be pulled out of their area for more than fifteen minutes a day. The night managers will make sure that they have associates working in areas that have the largest amount of freight in order to keep the department managers from being over whelmed. Stronger relationships may develop between the teams; however, some teams like to work without other teams being involved. Take the ICS team for example; they do not trust anyone to count what is coming in on the truck. If an upper member of management scans what comes in on the truck they do not have much of a choice. If a new employee is in training they have to gain trust within this group before they let them work by themselves. And finally organizational learning can take place among team members. The can learn how to work together by coming up with better ways to find solutions to the problems they may encounter within their team (Baack, D., 2012). They can learn how to deal with each other on a personal level because they may have learned what each team needs. If the meetings continue to be given between these three teams on a weekly basis, this will teach them. In conclusion, there conflicts can make it difficult for team to work together. This paper was to show ways that teams could resolve their conflicts in order to help their organization to run smoothly and put a handle on conflicts. References Baack, D. (2012). Organizational behavior. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc Montgomery, M., (1995). Five steps to resolves conflicts. Supervisory Management, 40(10), 8 Shetach, A., (2012). Conflict Leadership. Navigating Toward Effective and Efficient Team Outcomes. Journal for Quality & Participation, 35(2), 25-30

Analysis Of Joan Baez s The Voice - 1028 Words

Joan Baez: A Voice Straight To God Joan Baez is an extraordinary American female icon, most notable for her contributions to the folk music scene, as well as her involvement with civil rights and antiwar movements. Baez, still alive today at 75 years old, continues to inspire and lead people along an inclusive and nonviolent way of life, as she knows that â€Å"action is the antidote to despair† (Loder). Joan Chandos Baez was born in Staten Island, New York on January 9th, 1941, to a white mother, Joan, and a Mexican father, Albert (Biography.com). The Baez family were Quakers, who, in addition to Joan, had two other daughters, the eldest Pauline and the youngest Mimi. Due to their biracial heritage, Baez and her sisters had their fair share of experience with discrimination; in an interview with TIME Magazine in 1962, she recounts how, in her childhood, a white neighbor called her the n-word from observing her dark Mexican skin (Rothman). When they lived in Baghdad for a shor t period, Joan was often mistaken for an Arab girl, and was treated very differently than her lighter-skinned sisters (â€Å"Joan Baez: How Sweet the Sound†). In high school, Baez received her fifteen minutes of fame as she protested against an air-raid drill that was to be performed at her school (â€Å"Joan Baez: How Sweet The Sound†). In 1958, Baez enrolled in Boston University for theater but soon flunked out due to boredom of school and a more vested interest in singing folk songs at local coffee shops (Loder).Show MoreRelated The Influence of Protest Music during the 1960’s And Beyond Essay examples3816 Words   |  16 PagesThe 1960’s was one of the most controversial decades in American history because of not only the Vietnam War, but there was an outbreak of protests involving civil and social conditions all across college campuses. These protests have been taken to the extent where people either have died or have been seriously injured. However , during the 1960’s, America saw a popular form of art known as protest music, which responded to the social turmoil of that era, from the civil rights movement to the warRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their